【引用本文】肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识协作组,中国研究型医院学会消化外科专业委员会,中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会.肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识2023版)[J].中华外科杂志,2023,61(12):1-11.
肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)术后复发是影响患者治疗效果改善的主要因素,新辅助治疗是降低术后复发、延长患者生存的有效治疗措施,但目前肝癌新辅助治疗尚无公认的有效方案。近年来,随着以靶向、免疫检测点抑制剂为代表的系统抗肿瘤药物的进步,以及肝癌局部治疗方法的改进,这些治疗方案在肝癌新辅助治疗领域有了初步有效的探索。肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识协作组在中国研究型医院学会消化外科专业委员会和中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会的组织领导下,经过多次讨论和修订,制定了《肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识(2023版)》,旨在结合中国肝癌诊疗特点,为术前肝癌治疗决策提供有针对性的指导性建议,同时进一步规范新辅助治疗的实施路径。
原发性肝癌是全球第六大常见癌症和第三大癌症死亡原因,2020年全球新增原发性肝癌约90万例,新增原发性肝癌相关死亡约 83万例。其中中国原发性肝癌新增病例约41万例(占比 45.3%),新增死亡约39万例(占比47.1%),均居全球首位[1]。肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)是原发性肝癌最常见的病理学类型,在我国约占原发性肝癌病例的90%[2]。外科治疗是可切除肝癌患者的首选治疗方法。近年来肝癌患者肝切除术后5年总体生存率已提高至60.0%,但肝癌术后复发率高,尤其是中国肝癌分期(China liver cancer staging,CNLC)Ⅱb和Ⅲa期的可切除肝癌患者,其术后1年复发率超过55%,Ⅰb和Ⅱa期的肝癌患者复发率达到了32.4%和45.7%[3]。降低术后复发风险、延长患者生存时间,是肝癌新辅助治疗的主要目标,但目前尚未形成公认的标准化治疗范式。
为了进一步厘清新辅助治疗的概念,掌握治疗指征、明确手术时机、选择最佳药物治疗方案,南京医科大学第一附属医院从2019年起开展了一系列肝癌新辅助治疗的临床和基础研究[4, 5, 6],在此基础上,中国研究型医院学会消化外科专业委员会和中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会组织相关专家,于 2023年3月启动了《肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识(2023版)》的制定工作。本共识旨在结合中国肝癌诊疗特点,为术前新辅助治疗决策提供指导性建议,同时进一步规范新辅助治疗的实施路径。
本共识中的循证医学证据等级评价参照了证据评价与推荐意见分级、制定和评价(grading of recommendations,assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)分级[7]和《牛津循证医学中心分级2011版》(表1),专家推荐强度主要参照GRADE对推荐意见分级的指导原则[8],并结合ASCO指南的分级方案[9]对推荐意见分级进行了部分修改。本文中将推荐意见分为A(强推荐)、B(中等程度推荐)和C(弱推荐)三个等级(表2)。推荐强度A表示专家组对该推荐意见反映了最佳临床实践有很强的信心,并认为目标人群都应该采纳该推荐意见。推荐强度B表示专家组对该推荐意见反映了最佳临床实践有中等程度的信心,多数目标人群应采纳该推荐意见,执行过程中应考虑医患共同决策。推荐强度C表示专家组对该推荐意见反映了最佳临床实践有一定的信心,应该有条件地应用于目标人群,强调根据患者的价值偏好进行医患共同决策。
表1 牛津循证医学中心 2011 版证据等级内容
表2 证据推荐强度的定义描述
一、共识制定方法学
二、肝癌新辅助治疗的概念、适用人群、治疗周期
三、MDT团队在肝癌新辅助治疗中的必要性
四、肝癌新辅助治疗方法
五、肝癌新辅助治疗的有效性评估指标
六、肝癌新辅助治疗的不良反应
七、肝癌术后辅助治疗
八、新辅助治疗的终止时机及治疗失败后的后续治疗
九、结语
《肝癌新辅助治疗中国专家共识(2023版)》编审委员会成员
参考文献
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